Physiotherapy (Physical Therapy) treatment modalities are techniques and tools used by physiotherapists to reduce pain, improve movement, restore function, and prevent disability. These modalities can be grouped into three major categories: Electrotherapy, Thermotherapy and Exercise/Manual Therapy.
1. Electrotherapy Modalities
Use of electrical or electromagnetic energy for therapeutic purposes.
a. TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation)
b. IFT (Interferential Therapy)
c. Ultrasound Therapy
d. Laser Therapy (LLLT – Low-Level Laser Therapy)
e. Muscle stimulator
2. Thermotherapy/Heat Therapy
Purpose: Increases blood flow, reduces stiffness, relieves muscle spasm
1. Hot packs,
2. paraffin wax bath,
3. infrared lamp
3. Exercise Therapy & Manual Techniques
Core component of physiotherapy — improves mobility, strength, and function.
a. Therapeutic Exercises
Including Passive exercises: Movement done by therapist, Active exercises: Patient performs movement and Resistive exercises
b. Manual Therapy
Joint mobilization and manipulation
